黄甜竹笋食醋制作工艺研究

以黄甜竹笋和糯米为原料,采用"原料—预处理—酵母菌、黑曲、醋酸菌同时发酵—降糖—搅拌—过滤—杀菌—成品"工序制作黄甜竹笋食醋,考察醋酸菌、黑曲、毛竹竹叶和毛竹嫩竹蒸馏液稀释液的加入比例对产酸量的影响,以及毛竹竹叶和毛竹嫩竹蒸馏液稀释液加入比例对发酵时间、醋酸得率的影响。结果表明:黄甜竹笋食醋制作最佳工艺参数为酵母0.3%~0.5%,黑曲2%,醋酸菌3%,毛竹竹叶和毛竹嫩竹蒸馏液稀释液加入量为150%,坛内温度控制在25~30℃,前7天每天搅拌一次,之后每3~5天搅拌一次,发酵60天。发酵出来的醋产品色泽淡黄,具有黄甜竹笋和糯米特有的香气,口感细腻,醋味浓稠,总酸含量可达到5 g/100 m L,发酵产酸转化率达到71%,可溶性无盐固形物≥1.1 g/100 m L,总脂为1.1 g/100 m L,还原糖含量为2.2 g/100 m L,氨基态氮含量为0.20 g/100 m L。符合果醋国家标准。     

恩施市城市绿地系统现状评析

基于恩施市绿地系统现状,运用景观生态学的部分指标(绿地率、优势度指数、景观破碎度、绿地类型分维数),对恩施市绿地系统地进行现状评析,结果表明:绿化整体水平偏低,人均绿地面积偏小;绿地的可游憩性不强;绿地斑块总体较为破碎、景观格局较复杂,此外还提出了一些相应的建议。     

富硒施肥对毛竹笋硒含量及品质的影响

采用"丰硒源"富硒肥进行富硒施肥试验,研究不同施肥时间、不同施肥次数、施用不同硒含量富硒肥的施肥效果。结果表明:施肥时间、富硒肥的硒含量对竹笋硒含量的影响显著。施肥时间不仅影响竹笋的含硒量,还对竹笋的单宁含量影响显著。施肥时间对竹笋品质影响不明显;富硒肥中硒含量可显著影响竹笋品质,表现为随富硒肥硒含量的升高,竹笋品质逐步提高。     

栉孔扇贝急性病毒性坏死症病毒cDNA文库的构建及部分序列分析

急性病毒性坏死症病毒（Acute Virus Necrobiotic Virus,AVNV）已被证实是一种对养殖栉孔扇贝（Chlamys farreri）危害极大的致病病原.本研究应用基因克隆技术对AVNV基因组进行cDNA合成、克隆,并对部分克隆进行序列分析.采用差速和蔗糖密度梯度离心法,分离纯化AVNV.用Trizol试剂抽提病毒RNA,采用随机引物和Oligo（dT）双引物法,SuperScriptⅡ反转录酶合成cDNA,并克隆于pUC118质粒上,利用蓝白斑筛选阳性克隆子,PCR法快速鉴定重组质粒.经筛选得到2个阳性克隆23^#、52^#,插入片段大小约为1200 bp和800 bp.测序结果与GenBank的比对分析显示,尚未有类似的序列报道,提示该病毒可能为一种新发现的病毒.[中国水产科学,2006,13（3）：421-425]     

Growth and body composition of juvenile white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei,fed different ratios of dietary protein to energy

A 10‐week feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different protein to energy ratios on growth and body composition of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei (initial average weight of 0.09 ± 0.002 g, mean ± SE). Twelve practical test diets were formulated to contain four protein levels (300, 340, 380 and 420 g kg^?1) and three lipid levels (50, 75 and 100 g kg^?1). Each diet was randomly fed to triplicate groups of 30 shrimps per tank (260 L). The water temperature was 28.5 ± 2 °C and the salinity was 28 ± 1 g L^?1 during the experimental period. The results showed that the growth was significantly (P < 0.05) affected by dietary treatments. Shrimps fed the diets containing 300 g kg^?1 protein showed the poorest growth. However, shrimp fed the 75 g kg^?1 lipid diets had only slightly higher growth than that fed 50 g kg^?1 lipid diets at the same dietary protein level, and even a little decline in growth with the further increase of dietary lipid to 100 g kg^?1. Shrimp fed the diet with 420 g kg^?1protein and 75 g kg^?1 lipid had the highest specific growth rate. However, shrimp fed the diet with 340 g kg^?1 protein and 75 g kg^?1 lipid showed comparable growth, and had the highest protein efficiency ratio, energy retention and feed efficiency ratio among dietary treatments. Triglycerides and total cholesterol in the serum of shrimp increased with increasing dietary lipid level at the same dietary protein level. Body lipid and energy increased with increasing dietary lipid level irrespective of dietary protein. Results of the present study showed that the diet containing 340 g kg^?1 protein and 75 g kg^?1 lipid with digestible protein/digestible energy of 21.1 mg kJ^?1 is optimum for L. vannamei, and the increase of dietary lipid level has not efficient protein‐sparing effect.     

盘江黄牛及其杂交牛育肥中干物质、粗蛋白、综合净能需要研究

将３６ 头盘江黄牛及其杂交牛分成１２ 组，采用不同的日粮，进行两期育肥试验，得到不同的增重水平和实际营养物质摄入量。用各组实际采食的干物质（ ＤＭ） 、粗蛋白（ＣＰ） 、综合净能（ＮＥｍｆ） 与我国试行的《肉牛饲养标准》进行比较。结果表明，除干物质与标准相差较多（ － ６ ．３ ％ ） 外，粗蛋白和综合净能与标准相当接近（ 仅相差－ １ ．５ ％ 和２ ．８ ％ ） ，说明盘江黄牛及其杂交牛在育肥中的营养需要基本与标准相符，在配制日粮时，可以参考我国的《肉牛饲养标准》。     

基于元胞自动机模型的土地利用情景模拟与驱动力分析

土地利用格局的形成过程比其最终形成的结果更为重要。本文以哈尔滨市双城区为例，利用不同时期的土地利用数据，在土地利用变化关键驱动因素分析的基础上，选取了对土地利用变化影响较大的距离变量、邻近土地利用类型数量、单元自然属性、社会经济因素等4方面14个驱动力因子，建立了基于元胞自动机(CA)与人工神经网络(ANN)相结合的土地利用空间格局模拟模型。在此基础上，对研究区自然禀赋、社会经济快速发展、基本农田保护及土地利用规划等不同情景驱动机制下的土地利用空间格局进行了时空模拟，以此解析土地利用变化过程与驱动力因素的响应关系。模拟结果显示：自然禀赋情景下，各地类变化趋势与现在保持一致；在社会经济快速发展情景下，建设用地面积增加明显，主要由旱地和其他用地转入；在基本农田保护情景下，耕地面积比较稳定，各地类变化趋势较为缓和；在土地利用规划情景下，各地类变化较为合理，兼顾耕地保护和经济发展。研究结果显示，该方法对哈尔滨市双城区土地利用格局变化的驱动机制具有较好的解释作用。     

Optimal dietary lipid level for large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) larvae

A 30‐day feeding experiment was conducted in blue tanks (70 × 50 × 60 cm, water volume 180 L) to determine the effects of dietary lipid levels on the survival, growth and body composition of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) larvae (12 days after hatchery, with initial average weight 1.93 ± 0.11 mg). Five practical microdiets, containing 83 g kg^?1 (Diet 1), 126 g kg^?1 (Diet 2), 164 g kg^?1 (Diet 3), 204 g kg^?1 (Diet 4) and 248 g kg^?1 lipid (Diet 5), were formulated. Live feeds (Artemia sinicia nauplii and live copepods) were used as the control diet (Diet 6). Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of tanks, and each tank was stocked with 3500 larvae. During the experiment, water temperature was maintained at 23(±1) °C, pH 8.0 (±0.2) and salinity 25 (±2) g L^?1. The results showed that dietary lipid significantly influenced the survival and growth of large yellow croaker larvae. Survival increased with the increase of dietary lipid from 83 to 164 g kg^?1, and then decreased. The survival of larvae fed the diet with 83 g kg^?1 lipid (16.1%) was significantly lower than that of larvae fed other diets. However, the survival in larvae fed the diet with 16.4 g kg^?1 lipid was the highest compared with other artificial microdiets. Specific growth rate (SGR) significantly increased with increasing dietary lipid level from 83 to 164 g kg^?1 (P < 0.05), and then decreased. The SGR in larvae fed the diet with 164 g kg^?1 lipid (10.0% per day) was comparable with 204 g kg^?1 lipid (9.6% per day), but were significantly higher than other microdiets (P < 0.05). On the basis of survival and SGR, the optimum dietary lipid level was estimated to be 172 and 177 g kg^?1 of diet using second‐order polynomial regression analysis respectively.     

聊城市姜堤乐园绿化树种的调查研究

通过对姜堤乐园各功能区的绿化树种种类、数量的调查,对绿化树种的选择与配置、常绿树与落叶树、乔木与灌木等在公园绿化配置情况进行了分析,为聊城市树种选择、树种规划工作奠定了基础,对改善聊城的生态环境,提高园林绿地质量,保持城市可持续利用具有重要的实践意义.     

山羊蠕形螨病的早期诊断及防治

山羊蠕形螨病是贵州山羊常见的外寄生虫病,因山羊蠕形螨虫寄生于皮下的毛囊和皮脂腺内,造成山羊生长缓慢、皮张质量严重下降甚至失去使用价值.山羊蠕形螨病的早期诊断较为困难,一般药物治疗效果不佳,给养羊业造成较大经济损失.对432只山羊采用斑点酶联免疫吸附试验法进行早期免疫学诊断,对诊断阳性病例(53只)使用皮复康缓释注射剂+伊维菌素擦剂联合用药治疗,用药结束后150 d进行免疫学检查,全部表现为阴性.